Ka'idodin Samfuran Fitilar LED

LED (Haske Emitting Diode), diode mai fitar da haske, na'ura ce mai ƙarfi ta jiha wacce za ta iya canza makamashin lantarki zuwa haske mai gani. Yana iya maida wutar lantarki kai tsaye zuwa haske. Zuciyar LED guntu ce ta semiconductor. Ɗayan ƙarshen guntu yana haɗe da maɓalli, ɗayan ƙarshen shi ne igiya mara kyau, ɗayan kuma an haɗa shi da tabbataccen sandar wutan lantarki, ta yadda duk guntu ɗin an lulluɓe shi da resin epoxy.

Guntuwar semiconductor ta ƙunshi sassa biyu. Wani bangare shine semiconductor na nau'in P, wanda ramukan ke da rinjaye, ɗayan kuma shine nau'in nau'in N, wanda electrons suka mamaye. Amma idan aka haɗa waɗannan semiconductor guda biyu, an samar da mahadar PN a tsakaninsu. Lokacin da na'urar ke aiki akan guntu ta hanyar waya, za a tura electrons zuwa yankin P, inda electrons zasu sake haɗuwa da ramuka, sannan su fitar da makamashi ta hanyar photons. Wannan shine ka'idar fitar da hasken LED. Tsawon tsayin haske, wato, launi na haske, an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar kayan da ke samar da haɗin PN.

LED na iya fitowa kai tsaye ja, rawaya, shuɗi, kore, kore, orange, shuɗi da haske fari.

Da farko, an yi amfani da LED azaman tushen hasken kayan aiki da mita. Daga baya, an yi amfani da fitilun fitilu daban-daban a cikin fitilun zirga-zirga da manyan wuraren baje kolin, suna samar da fa'idodi masu kyau na tattalin arziki da zamantakewa. Ɗauki fitilar siginar zirga-zirga mai inci 12 a matsayin misali. A {asar Amirka, an fara amfani da fitilun incandescent mai nauyin watt 140 da ke da tsawon rai da ƙarancin haske a matsayin tushen hasken, wanda ya samar da 2000 lumens na farin haske. Bayan wucewa ta cikin jan tace, asarar hasken shine 90%, ya bar 200 lumens na haske mai ja. A cikin sabuwar fitilun da aka ƙera, Lumilds yana amfani da maɓuɓɓugan haske na LED ja 18, gami da asarar kewaye. Jimlar yawan wutar lantarki shine watts 14, wanda zai iya haifar da tasirin haske iri ɗaya. Fitilar siginar mota kuma muhimmin filin aikace-aikacen tushen hasken LED ne.

Don hasken gabaɗaya, mutane suna buƙatar ƙarin fararen hasken wuta. A cikin 1998, an sami nasarar haɓaka farin LED. Ana yin wannan LED ta hanyar tattara guntu GaN da yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) tare. GaN guntu yana fitar da haske mai shuɗi (λ P = 465nm, Wd = 30nm), YAG phosphor mai ɗauke da Ce3 + a babban zafin jiki yana fitar da hasken rawaya bayan farin ciki da wannan hasken shuɗi, tare da ƙimar ƙimar 550n LED fitila m. An shigar da substrate na LED mai shuɗi a cikin kwano mai siffa mai siffa, an lulluɓe shi da wani bakin ciki Layer na guduro gauraye da YAG, kusan 200-500nm. Hasken shuɗin shuɗi daga madaidaicin LED yana ɗaukar ɓangarorin phosphor, kuma ɗayan ɓangaren hasken shuɗi yana haɗe da hasken rawaya daga phosphor don samun farin haske.

Don InGaN / YAG farin LED, ta hanyar canza sinadarai na YAG phosphor da daidaita kauri na Layer phosphor, ana iya samun fitilun farar fata iri-iri tare da zafin launi na 3500-10000K. Wannan hanyar samun farin haske ta hanyar shuɗi LED yana da tsari mai sauƙi, ƙananan farashi da girmar fasaha mai girma, don haka ana amfani dashi sosai.