Tarihin LED: Daga Ganewa zuwa Juyin Juya Hali

Asalin

A cikin 1960s, masana kimiyya sun ɓullo da LED bisa ka'idar semiconductor PN junction. Ledojin da aka samar a wancan lokacin an yi shi da GaASP kuma launinsa mai haske ja ne. Bayan kusan shekaru 30 na ci gaba, mun saba da LED, wanda zai iya fitar da ja, orange, yellow, kore, blue da sauran launuka. Duk da haka, farin LED don haskakawa ya samo asali ne kawai bayan 2000. A nan mun gabatar da farin LED don haskakawa.

Ci gaba

An gabatar da tushen hasken hasken LED na farko da aka yi da ka'idar fitowar hasken semiconductor PN a farkon shekarun 1960. Kayan da aka yi amfani da shi a wancan lokacin shine GaAsP, yana fitar da haske mai haske (λ P = 650nm), lokacin tuki na yanzu shine 20mA, hasken haske shine kawai 'yan dubunnan lumen, kuma daidaitaccen ingancin gani shine kusan 0.1 lumen/watt.

A cikin tsakiyar 1970s, an gabatar da abubuwan In da N don yin LED ya samar da haske kore (λ P = 555nm), hasken rawaya (λ P = 590nm) da hasken orange (λ P = 610nm).

A farkon 1980s, GaAlAs LED haske Madogararsa ya bayyana, wanda ya sa hasken haske na ja LED ya kai 10 lumens/watt.

A farkon 1990s, an sami nasarar ƙera sabbin kayayyaki guda biyu, GaAlInP mai fitar da haske ja da rawaya da GaInN mai fitar da kore da shuɗi, wanda ya inganta ingantaccen haske na LED.

A cikin 2000, LED da aka yi da tsohon yana cikin yankunan ja da orange (λ P = 615nm), kuma LED da aka yi na ƙarshen yana cikin yankin kore (λ P = 530nm).

Tarihin Haske

- 1879 Edison ya kirkiro fitilar lantarki;

- 1938 Fitilar Fluorescent ta fito;

- 1959 Halogen fitila ya fito;

- 1961 Babban matsin sodium fitila ya fito;

- 1962 Metal halide fitila;

- 1969, fitilar LED ta farko (ja);

- 1976 koren LED fitila;

- 1993 blue LED fitila;

- 1999 farin fitilar LED;

- 2000 LED za a yi amfani dashi don hasken cikin gida.

- Ci gaban LED shine juyin juya hali na biyu bayan tarihin shekaru 120 na hasken wuta.

- A farkon karni na 21, LED, wanda aka haɓaka ta hanyar gamuwa mai ban mamaki tsakanin yanayi, ɗan adam, da kimiyya, zai zama sabon abu a cikin duniyar haske da kuma juyin juya halin hasken fasaha mai mahimmanci ga ɗan adam.

- LED zai zama babban juyin juya halin haske tun lokacin da Edison ya kirkiro kwan fitila.

Fitilolin LED galibi fararen fitilun LED guda ne masu ƙarfi. Manyan masana'antun fitilun LED guda uku a duniya suna da garantin shekaru uku. Manyan barbashi sun fi ko daidai da 100 lumen a kowace watt, kuma ƙananan barbashi sun fi ko daidai da 110 lumens a kowace watt. Manyan barbashi tare da attenuation haske kasa da 3% a kowace shekara, da kuma kananan barbashi tare da haske attenuation ne kasa da 3% a kowace shekara.

LED walƙiya fitulun, LED karkashin ruwa fitulun, LED marmaro fitilu, LED waje fili fitilun za a iya da yawa-samuwa. Misali, fitilar LED mai kyalli mai karfin watt 10 na iya maye gurbin fitilun mai kyalli mai karfin watt 40 ko fitilar ceton makamashi.