Kumu Huahana o ke kukui LED

ʻO LED (Light Emitting Diode), he diode māmā, he mea hana semiconductor kūlana paʻa i hiki ke hoʻololi i ka ikehu uila i kukui ʻike. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻololi pololei i ka uila i māmā. ʻO ka puʻuwai o LED he chip semiconductor. Hoʻopili ʻia kekahi ʻaoʻao o ka puʻupuʻu i kahi bracket, ʻo kekahi ʻaoʻao he pole maikaʻi ʻole, a ʻo kekahi ʻaoʻao e pili ana i ka pou maikaʻi o ka lako mana, i hoʻopili ʻia ka chip holoʻokoʻa e ka resin epoxy.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka chip semiconductor i ʻelua ʻāpana. ʻO kekahi hapa he semiconductor P-type, kahi i mana nui ai nā puka, a ʻo ka hopena ʻē aʻe he semiconductor N-type, kahi i mana nui ai nā electrons. Akā ke hoʻohui ʻia kēia mau semiconductor ʻelua, hoʻokumu ʻia kahi hui PN ma waena o lākou. Ke hana ka mea i kēia manawa ma ka chip ma o ka uea, e hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā electrons i ka wahi P, kahi e hui hou ai nā electrons me nā lua, a laila emit i ka ikehu ma ke ʻano o nā photon. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka hoʻokuʻu kukui LED. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka nalu o ka mālamalama, ʻo ia hoʻi, ke kala o ka mālamalama, e hoʻoholo ʻia e ka mea i hana i ka hui PN.

Hiki i nā LED ke hoʻopuka pololei i ka ʻulaʻula, melemele, uliuli, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻalani, poni a me ke kukui keʻokeʻo.

I ka wā mua, ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo LED ma ke ʻano he kumu kukui kuhikuhi o nā mea kani a me nā mika. Ma hope mai, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia nā LED ʻulaʻula like ʻole i nā kukui kaʻa a me nā hōʻike ākea ākea, e hana ana i nā pono waiwai a me ka pilikanaka. E lawe i ke kukui hōʻailona ʻulaʻula 12 iniha i laʻana. Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua hoʻohana mua ʻia ke kukui uila 140 watt me ke ola lōʻihi a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e like me ke kumu kukui, nāna i hana i 2000 lumens o ke kukui keʻokeʻo. Ma hope o ka hele ʻana i ka kānana ʻulaʻula, ʻo 90% ka nalowale o ke kukui, waiho wale i 200 lumens o ke kukui ʻulaʻula. I loko o ke kukui i hoʻolālā hou ʻia, hoʻohana ʻo Lumileds i 18 mau kumu kukui LED ʻulaʻula, me ka nalowale kaapuni. ʻO ka nui o ka hoʻohana mana he 14 watts, hiki ke hana i ka hopena kukui like. ʻO ke kukui hōʻailona kaʻa he kahua koʻikoʻi o ka noi kumu kukui LED.

No nā kukui maʻamau, pono nā kānaka i nā kumu kukui keʻokeʻo. I ka makahiki 1998, ua hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia ka LED keʻokeʻo. Hana ʻia kēia LED e ka pahu GaN chip a me yttrium alumini garnet (YAG) pū. Hoʻopuka ka puʻupuʻu GaN i ke kukui polū（ λ P=465nm, Wd=30nm), ʻo ka YAG phosphor i loaʻa iā Ce3+sintered i ka wela kiʻekiʻe e hoʻokuʻu i ke kukui melemele ma hope o ka hauʻoli ʻana i kēia kukui polū, me ka waiwai kiʻekiʻe o 550n LED kukui m. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka substrate LED polū i loko o ke kīʻaha hoʻohālike i hoʻohālikelike ʻia, uhi ʻia me kahi ʻāpana lahilahi o ka resin i hui pū ʻia me YAG, ma kahi o 200-500nm. ʻO ke kukui polū mai ka substrate LED e hoʻopili ʻia e ka phosphor, a ʻo ka ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kukui uliuli e hui pū ʻia me ke kukui melemele mai ka phosphor e loaʻa ai ke kukui keʻokeʻo.

No InGaN / YAG keʻokeʻo LED, ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka haku mele YAG phosphor a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka mānoanoa o ka phosphor layer, hiki ke loaʻa nā kukui keʻokeʻo like ʻole me ka mahana o 3500-10000K. ʻO kēia ʻano o ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kukui keʻokeʻo ma o ka LED polū he ʻano maʻalahi, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ke ʻano ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe, no laila ua hoʻohana nui ʻia.