ʻO ka mōʻaukala o LED: Mai Discovery a Revolution

Ke kumu

I nā makahiki 1960, ua hoʻomohala nā kānaka ʻepekema i LED e pili ana i ke kumu o ka hui semiconductor PN. Ua hana ʻia ka LED i kēlā manawa me GaASP a he ʻulaʻula kona kala ʻulaʻula. Ma hope o 30 mau makahiki o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ua kamaʻāina mākou i ka LED, hiki ke hoʻokuʻu i ka ʻulaʻula, ʻalani, melemele, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, uliuli a me nā kala ʻē aʻe. Eia naʻe, ua kūkuluʻia ka LED keʻokeʻo no ka hoʻomālamalamaʻana ma hope o 2000. Maanei mākou e hoʻokomo i ka LED keʻokeʻo no ke kukui.

Hoʻomohala

ʻO ke kumu kukui LED mua i hana ʻia me ka semiconductor PN junction light emission principle i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka makahiki 1960. ʻO ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia i kēlā manawa ʻo GaAsP, e hoʻokuʻu ana i ke kukui ʻulaʻula（λ P=650nm), i ka wā ʻo 20mA ka holo ʻana o kēia manawa, ʻo ka luminous flux he mau kaukani liʻiliʻi wale nō o ka lumen, a ʻo ka pono optical e pili ana ma kahi o 0.1 lumen/watt.

Ma ka waena o 1970s, ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea In a me N e hana i nā kukui ʻōmaʻomaʻo (λ P=555nm), kukui melemele (λ P=590nm) a me ke kukui ʻalani (λ P=610nm).

I nā makahiki 1980 mua, ua ʻike ʻia ke kumu kukui LED GaAlAs, e hana ana i ka pono kukui o ka ʻulaʻula LED a hiki i 10 lumens/watt.

I nā makahiki 1990 mua, ua hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia ʻelua mau mea hou, ʻo GaAlInP e hoʻopuka ana i ke kukui ʻulaʻula a me ka melemele a me GaInN e hoʻopuka ana i ke kukui ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ka uliuli, i hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻia i ka pono kukui o LED.

I ka makahiki 2000, aia ka LED i hana ʻia o ka mua ma nā ʻāpana ʻulaʻula a me ka ʻalani（ λ P=615nm), a ʻo ka LED i hana ʻia o kēia ma ka ʻāpana ʻōmaʻomaʻo（ λ P=530nm).

Ka Papahana Hoomalamalama

- 1879 Ua haku ʻo Edison i ke kukui uila;

- 1938 Puka ʻia ke kukui uila;

- 1959 Ua puka mai ke kukui halogen;

- 1961 Puka mai ke kukui sodium kiʻekiʻe;

- 1962 Metala halide kukui;

- 1969, ke kukui LED mua (ulaula);

- 1976 kukui LED uliuli;

- 1993 kukui LED uliuli;

- 1999 kukui LED keʻokeʻo;

- E hoʻohana ʻia ʻo 2000 LED no ke kukui o loko.

- ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana o LED ka lua o ka hoʻololi ʻana ma hope o ka mōʻaukala 120-makahiki o ke kukui uila.

- I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 21, ʻo LED, ka mea i hoʻomohala ʻia ma o ka hālāwai kupaianaha ma waena o ke ʻano, nā kānaka, a me ka ʻepekema, e lilo i mea hou i ka honua māmā a me kahi hoʻololi kukui ʻenehana nui no ke kanaka.

- E lilo ʻo LED i mea hoʻololi māmā nui mai ka wā i hana ai ʻo Edison i ke kukui kukui.

ʻO nā kukui LED ka nui o nā kukui LED keʻokeʻo kiʻekiʻe. ʻO nā mea hana kukui LED ʻekolu kiʻekiʻe ma ka honua he palapala hōʻoia ʻekolu makahiki. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā ʻāpana nui ma mua a i ʻole like me 100 lumens no ka watt, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ma mua o 110 lumens no ka watt. ʻO nā mea liʻiliʻi nui me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa māmā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o 3% i kēlā me kēia makahiki, a ʻo nā mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi me ka attenuation māmā ma lalo o 3% i kēlā me kēia makahiki.

Hiki ke hana nui ʻia nā kukui ʻauʻau LED, nā kukui o lalo o ka wai, nā kukui punawai LED, a me nā kukui ʻāina waho. No ka laʻana, hiki i ke kukui uila 10-watt LED ke hoʻololi i kahi kukui fluorescent maʻamau 40-watt a i ʻole ke kukui mālama ola.