Umgaqo weMveliso yesibane se-LED

I-LED (i-Light Emitting Diode), i-diode ekhupha ukukhanya, isisityebi esiqinileyo se-semiconductor esinokuguqula amandla ombane ekukhanyeni okubonakalayo. Inokuguqula ngokuthe ngqo umbane ekukhanyeni. Intliziyo ye-LED yi-chip ye-semiconductor. Esinye isiphelo se-chip sifakwe kwi-bracket, esinye isiphelo sisibonda esibi, kwaye esinye isiphelo sidibaniswe kwi-pole positive ye-power supply, ukuze i-chip yonke ifakwe kwi-epoxy resin.

I-chip ye-semiconductor yenziwe ngamacandelo amabini. Enye inxalenye yi-P-type semiconductor, apho imingxuma ilawulayo, kwaye enye isiphelo yi-N-type semiconductor, apho ii-electron zilawula. Kodwa xa ezi semiconductors zimbini zidityanisiwe, i-PN junction yenziwa phakathi kwabo. Xa izenzo zangoku kwi-chip ngocingo, ii-electron ziya kutyhalelwa kwindawo ye-P, apho ii-electron ziya kuphinda zihlangane kunye nemingxuma, kwaye emva koko zikhuphe amandla ngendlela yeefotoni. Lo ngumgaqo wokukhutshwa kokukhanya kwe-LED. Ubude bokukhanya, oko kukuthi, umbala wokukhanya, ugqitywe yimpahla eyenza i-PN junction.

I-LED inokukhupha ngokuthe ngqo ebomvu, emthubi, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, eluhlaza, eluhlaza, e-orenji, emfusa kunye nomhlophe ukukhanya.

Ekuqaleni, i-LED yayisetyenziswa njengomthombo wokukhanya wesixhobo kunye neemitha. Kamva, ii-LED ezinombala okhanyayo ezahlukeneyo zasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizibane zendlela kunye nemiboniso yendawo enkulu, zivelisa inzuzo entle kwezoqoqosho nezentlalo. Thatha isibane esibomvu se-intshi ye-12 njengomzekelo. E-United States, isibane se-incandescent se-140 watt esinobomi obude kunye nokusebenza okuphantsi kokukhanya kwasekuqaleni kwasetyenziswa njengomthombo wokukhanya, ovelise i-lumens engama-2000 yokukhanya okumhlophe. Emva kokudlula kwisihluzi esibomvu, ilahleko yokukhanya yi-90%, ishiya kuphela i-lumens engama-200 yokukhanya okubomvu. Kwisibane esitsha esenziwe, i-Lumileds isebenzisa imithombo yokukhanya ye-LED ebomvu ye-18, kubandakanywa nokulahleka kwesiphaluka. Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla onke ngama-watts angama-14, anokuvelisa umphumo ofanayo wokukhanya. Isibane somqondiso wemoto nayo iyintsimi ebalulekileyo yesicelo somthombo wokukhanya we-LED.

Ukukhanyisa ngokubanzi, abantu bafuna imithombo yokukhanya emhlophe ngakumbi. Ngo-1998, i-LED emhlophe yaphuhliswa ngempumelelo. Le LED yenziwe ngokupakisha i-GaN chip kunye ne-yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) kunye. I-chip ye-GaN ikhupha ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ( λ P = 465nm, Wd = 30nm), i-phosphor ye-YAG equlethe i-Ce3 + sintered kubushushu obuphezulu ikhupha ukukhanya okutyheli emva kokuvuyiswa koku kukhanya okwesibhakabhaka, ngexabiso eliphezulu le-550n yesibane se-LED m. I-substrate ye-LED eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ifakwe kwisitya sokubonisa isitya, esigqunywe ngomqolo obhityileyo we-resin exutywe ne-YAG, malunga ne-200-500nm. Ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okuvela kwi-substrate ye-LED kufakwe ngokuyinxenye yi-phosphor, kwaye enye inxalenye yokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ixutywe nokukhanya okutyheli okuvela kwiphosphor ukufumana ukukhanya okumhlophe.

Kwi-InGaN/YAG emhlophe ye-LED, ngokuguqula ukwakheka kweekhemikhali ze-YAG phosphor kunye nokulungelelanisa ubukhulu bomaleko we-phosphor, izibane ezahlukeneyo ezimhlophe ezinobushushu bombala we-3500-10000K zinokufumaneka. Le ndlela yokufumana ukukhanya okumhlophe nge-LED eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka inesakhiwo esilula, ixabiso eliphantsi kunye nokuvuthwa kweteknoloji ephezulu, ngoko isetyenziswa ngokubanzi.