Imbali ye-LED: Ukusuka kwi-Discovery ukuya kwi-Revolution

Imvelaphi

Kwiminyaka ye-1960, izazinzulu zavelisa i-LED ngokusekelwe kumgaqo we-semiconductor PN junction. I-LED eyaphuhliswa ngelo xesha yenziwe nge-GaASP kwaye umbala wayo okhanyayo wawubomvu. Emva kweminyaka ephantse ibe yi-30 yophuhliso, siqhelene kakhulu ne-LED, enokukhupha umbala obomvu, orenji, omthubi, oluhlaza, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka neminye imibala. Nangona kunjalo, i-LED emhlophe yokukhanyisa yaphuhliswa kuphela emva kwe-2000. Apha sazisa i-LED emhlophe yokukhanyisa.

Uphuhliso

Umthombo wokuqala wokukhanya we-LED owenziwe nge-semiconductor PN junction umgaqo wokukhutshwa kokukhanya waziswa ekuqaleni kwe-1960s. Izinto ezisetyenziswe ngelo xesha yayiyi-GaAsP, ikhupha ukukhanya okubomvu ( λ P = 650nm), xa i-drive current i-20mA, i-flux ekhanyayo ingamawaka ambalwa e-lumen, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle okuhambelanayo malunga ne-0.1 lumen / watt.

Phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1970, ielementi In kunye no-N zaziswa ukwenza i-LED ivelise ukukhanya okuluhlaza ( λ P=555nm), ukukhanya okutyheli ( λ P=590nm) kunye nokukhanya okuorenji ( λ P = 610nm).

Ekuqaleni kwee-1980s, umthombo wokukhanya we-GaAlAs we-LED wavela, okwenza ukukhanya kwe-LED ebomvu kufikelele kwi-lumens eyi-10 / watt.

Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yee-1990, izixhobo ezibini ezitsha, i-GaAlInP ekhupha ukukhanya okubomvu nokutyheli kunye ne-GaInN ekhupha ukukhanya okuluhlaza nokuluhlaza, zaphuhliswa ngempumelelo, eziphucule kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-LED.

Kwi-2000, i-LED eyenziwe yangaphambili yayikwimimandla ebomvu ne-orange ( λ P = 615nm), kunye ne-LED eyenziwe yale mva isendaweni eluhlaza ( λ P = 530nm).

Ukukhanyisa Chronicle

Ngo-1879 u-Edison wenza isibane sombane;

- 1938 isibane seFluorescent saphuma;

- 1959 isibane seHalogen saphuma;

- 1961 Isibane soxinzelelo oluphezulu sesodium saphuma;

- 1962 isibane seMetal halide;

- 1969, isibane sokuqala se-LED (esibomvu);

- 1976 isibane se-LED eluhlaza;

- 1993 isibane se-LED eluhlaza;

- 1999 isibane esimhlophe se-LED;

- I-2000 LED iya kusetyenziselwa ukukhanyisa ngaphakathi.

- Ukuphuhliswa kwe-LED yinguqu yesibini emva kwembali ye-120 yeminyaka yokukhanya kwe-incandescent.

- Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-21, i-LED, ephuhliswe ngokudibana okumangalisayo phakathi kwendalo, abantu, kunye nesayensi, iya kuba yinto entsha kwihlabathi lokukhanya kunye nenguquko yokukhanya kobuchwephesha obuyimfuneko eluntwini.

- I-LED iya kuba yinguqu enkulu yokukhanya ukusukela oko u-Edison wasungula ibhalbhu yesibane.

Izibane ze-LED zizibane eziphezulu zamandla amhlophe e-LED enye. Abavelisi bezibane ze-LED ezintathu eziphezulu kwihlabathi banewaranti yeminyaka emithathu. Iinqununu ezinkulu zingaphezulu okanye zilingana ne-lumens eyi-100 nge-watt nganye, kwaye iincinci ezincinci zingaphezulu okanye zilingana ne-lumens eyi-110 nge-watt nganye. Iinqununu ezinkulu ezinokunciphisa ukukhanya zingaphantsi kwe-3% ngonyaka, kwaye iincinci ezincinci ezinokunciphisa ukukhanya zingaphantsi kwe-3% ngonyaka.

Izibane ze-LED zedama lokuqubha, izibane ze-LED ngaphantsi kwamanzi, izibane zemithombo ye-LED, kunye nezibane ze-LED zangaphandle ze-landscape zingaveliswa ngobuninzi. Umzekelo, isibane se-LED se-fluorescent se-10-watt sinokuthatha indawo ye-40-watt yesibane esiqhelekileyo se-fluorescent okanye isibane sokugcina amandla.