Isimiso Somkhiqizo Welambu Le-LED

I-LED (I-Light Emitting Diode), i-light emitting diode, iyisisetshenziswa esiqinile se-semiconductor esingakwazi ukuguqula amandla kagesi abe ukukhanya okubonakalayo. Ingakwazi ukuguqula ngokuqondile ugesi ube ukukhanya. Inhliziyo ye-LED iyi-chip ye-semiconductor. Umkhawulo owodwa we-chip unamathiselwe kubakaki, umkhawulo owodwa uyisigxobo esingalungile, kanti esinye isiphetho sixhunywe esigxotsheni esihle sokunikezwa kwamandla, ukuze yonke i-chip ihlanganiswe ne-epoxy resin.

I-chip ye-semiconductor yakhiwe izingxenye ezimbili. Enye ingxenye iyi-semiconductor yohlobo lwe-P, lapho izimbobo zibusa khona, kanti enye isiphetho i-semiconductor yohlobo lwe-N, lapho ama-electron ebusa khona. Kodwa lapho lawa ma-semiconductors amabili exhunyiwe, kwakheka ukuhlangana kwe-PN phakathi kwawo. Lapho ukusebenza kwamanje ku-chip ngocingo, ama-electron azophushwa aye endaweni engu-P, lapho ama-electron azohlangana khona nezimbobo, bese ekhipha amandla ngendlela yama-photons. Lona umgomo wokukhishwa kokukhanya kwe-LED. Ubude begagasi bokukhanya, okungukuthi, umbala wokukhanya, bunqunywa into eyenza ukuhlangana kwe-PN.

I-LED ingakhipha ngokuqondile ukukhanya okubomvu, okuphuzi, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okuluhlaza okotshani, okusawolintshi, okunsomi nokumhlophe.

Ekuqaleni, i-LED yayisetshenziswa njengomthombo wokukhanya wezinsimbi namamitha. Kamuva, ama-LED anombala okhanyayo ahlukahlukene asetshenziswa kabanzi kumarobhothi nasezibukweni ezinkulu zendawo, akhiqiza izinzuzo ezinhle zezomnotho nezenhlalo. Thatha isilambu somgwaqo esibomvu esingu-12 inch njengesibonelo. E-United States, isibani se-incandescent esingu-140 watt esiphila isikhathi eside nokusebenza kahle kokukhanya okuphansi ekuqaleni sasisetshenziswa njengomthombo wokukhanya, esikhiqize ama-lumens angu-2000 okukhanya okumhlophe. Ngemva kokudlula esihlungini esibomvu, ukulahlekelwa ukukhanya kungama-90%, okushiya ama-lumens angu-200 kuphela okukhanya okubomvu. Kulambu elisanda kwakhiwa, i-Lumileds isebenzisa imithombo yokukhanya ye-LED engu-18 ebomvu, okuhlanganisa nokulahlekelwa kwesekethe. Amandla asetshenziswayo angama-watts angu-14, angakhiqiza umphumela ofanayo okhanyayo. Isibani sesignali yemoto siphinde sibe yinkambu ebalulekile yohlelo lokusebenza lomthombo wokukhanya we-LED.

Ukuze kukhanye okuvamile, abantu badinga imithombo eminingi yokukhanya emhlophe. Ngo-1998, i-LED emhlophe yathuthukiswa ngempumelelo. Le LED yenziwe ngokupakisha i-GaN chip ne-yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) ndawonye. I-GaN chip ikhipha ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (λ P=465nm, Wd=30nm), i-YAG phosphor equkethe i-Ce3+sintered kumazinga okushisa aphezulu ikhipha ukukhanya okuphuzi ngemva kokujatshuliswa yilokhu kukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, enenani eliphakeme elingu-550n lelambu le-LED m. I-substrate ye-LED eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ifakwe emgodini wokubukisa omise okwesitsha, ombozwe ungqimba oluncane lwe-resin exutshwe ne-YAG, engaba ngu-200-500nm. Ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okuvela ku-substrate ye-LED kuthathwe ingxenye ye-phosphor, futhi enye ingxenye yokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ixutshwe nokukhanya okuphuzi okuvela ku-phosphor ukuze kutholwe ukukhanya okumhlophe.

Nge-InGaN/YAG emhlophe ye-LED, ngokushintsha ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali e-YAG phosphor nokulungisa ukushuba kongqimba lwe-phosphor, kungatholakala izibani ezihlukahlukene ezimhlophe ezinokushisa kombala okungu-3500-10000K. Le ndlela yokuthola ukukhanya okumhlophe nge-LED eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka inesakhiwo esilula, izindleko eziphansi nokuvuthwa kobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa kabanzi.