Umlando we-LED: Ukusuka ku-Discovery kuya ku-Revolution

Umsuka

Ngawo-1960, ososayensi benza i-LED ngokusekelwe kumgomo we-semiconductor PN junction. I-LED eyakhiwe ngaleso sikhathi yenziwe nge-GaASP futhi umbala wayo okhanyayo wawubomvu. Ngemva kweminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-30 yentuthuko, sesijwayelene kakhulu ne-LED, engakhipha imibala ebomvu, ewolintshi, ephuzi, eluhlaza, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka neminye. Kodwa-ke, i-LED emhlophe yokukhanyisa yasungulwa kuphela ngemva kuka-2000. Lapha sethula i-LED emhlophe yokukhanyisa.

Intuthuko

Umthombo wokuqala wokukhanya we-LED owenziwe ngesimiso sokukhishwa kokukhanya kwe-semiconductor PN junction wethulwa ekuqaleni kwawo-1960. Izinto ezazisetshenziswa ngaleso sikhathi kwakuyi-GaAsP, ekhipha ukukhanya okubomvu ( λ P=650nm), lapho amandla okushayela angu-20mA, ukukhanya okukhanyayo kuyizingxenye eziyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa ze-lumen, kanye nokusebenza kahle kokubona okuhambisanayo cishe ku-0.1 lumen/watt.

Maphakathi nawo-1970s, izakhi U-In no-N zethulwa ukwenza i-LED ikhiqize ukukhanya okuluhlaza ( λ P=555nm), ukukhanya okuphuzi ( λ P=590nm) nokukhanya okuwolintshi ( λ P=610nm).

Ekuqaleni kwawo-1980, kwavela umthombo wokukhanya we-GaAlAs LED, okwenza ukusebenza kahle okukhanyayo kwe-LED ebomvu kufinyelele ku-10 lumens/watt.

Ekuqaleni kwawo-1990, izinto ezimbili ezintsha, i-GaAlInP ekhipha ukukhanya okubomvu nokuphuzi kanye ne-GaInN ekhipha ukukhanya okuluhlaza nokuluhlaza, zathuthukiswa ngempumelelo, okuthuthukise kakhulu ukusebenza kahle okukhanyayo kwe-LED.

Ngo-2000, i-LED eyenziwe yangaphambili yayisezindaweni ezibomvu nesawolintshi ( λ P = 615nm), kanti i-LED eyenziwe ngenhla isendaweni eluhlaza ( λ P = 530nm).

Lighting Chronicle

- 1879 Edison wasungula isibani sikagesi;

- Isibani se-Fluorescent sango-1938 saphuma;

- Isibani seHalogen sango-1959 saphuma;

- 1961 Isibani se-sodium esicindezelayo saphuma;

- 1962 Isibani se-Metal halide;

- 1969, isibani sokuqala se-LED (esibomvu);

- 1976 isibani se-LED esiluhlaza;

- 1993 isibani LED blue;

- Isibani se-LED esimhlophe sika-1999;

- I-LED engu-2000 izosetshenziselwa ukukhanyisa kwangaphakathi.

- Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-LED kuwuguquko lwesibili kulandela umlando weminyaka engu-120 wokukhanyisa kwe-incandescent.

- Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21, i-LED, eyathuthukiswa ngokuhlangana okumangalisayo phakathi kwemvelo, abantu, nesayensi, izoba into eqanjiwe emhlabeni wokukhanya kanye nenguquko yokukhanya kobuchwepheshe obuluhlaza esintwini.

- I-LED izoba yinguquko enkulu yokukhanya kusukela u-Edison asungula isibani.

Amalambu e-LED ikakhulukazi amalambu amhlophe e-LED anamandla aphezulu aphezulu. Abakhiqizi abathathu abaphezulu bezibani ze-LED emhlabeni banewaranti yeminyaka emithathu. Izinhlayiya ezinkulu zingaphezu noma zilingana namalumens ayi-100 iwathi ngayinye, futhi izinhlayiya ezincane zingaphezu noma zilingana namalumens ayi-110 ngewathi ngayinye. Izinhlayiya ezinkulu ezinokuncipha kokukhanya zingaphansi kuka-3% ngonyaka, futhi izinhlayiya ezincane ezinokuncipha kokukhanya zingaphansi kuka-3% ngonyaka.

Amalambu e-swimming pool e-LED, amalambu angaphansi kwamanzi e-LED, amalambu omthombo we-LED, namalambu e-LED angaphandle angakhiqizwa ngobuningi. Isibonelo, isibani se-fluorescent se-LED esingama-watt angu-10 singashintsha isibani se-fluorescent esivamile esingu-40-watt noma isibani sokonga amandla.